Why people fall for bullshit, according to a scientist
Video Why Religion Is Bullshit “Tell me about your bullshit research,” I asked Gord Pennycook, a psychology PhD student at the University of Waterloo in Canada. Deeply fake bullshit. In it, he and his colleagues asked questions that no psychologist had asked before. For example: What makes a person a good spotter of bullshit? Why are some people more prone to bullshit than others? Read: why religion is bullshit of expression. The site randomizes Chopraisms to generate nonsense sentences:I know that my perception is fear of rattlesnake specific energies. At first glance they feel substantive. “I wonder if people really think these things are profound,” Pennycook told me. So as part of his research, he asked people to rate these randomly generated tweets. Surprisingly, the normal participants rated the nonsense as being between “somewhat profound” and “quite profound”. (The responses to these fake tweets are almost indistinguishable from the responses to Chopra’s actual tweets.) Digging deeper, Pennycook found that accepting bullshit claims appeared to be related to personal characteristics such as lower intelligence, belief in the occult, and the ability to believe So far, this has not been the case. should be the main focus of psychological research. Pennycook thinks it should be. “Bullshit is everywhere, so I think we need to know more about it,” he said.Brian Resnick: What is bullshit? Gord Pennycook: Bullshit is different from nonsense. It’s not just random words put together. The words we use have a syntactic structure, which implies that they must mean something. It is designed to impress rather than inform. And then lie, of course, very interested in the truth – but subvert it.BR: What makes people willing to consider bullshit? Read more: Why are Dachshunds necessary? | Top Q & AGP: There seem to be two factors underlying why someone might be particularly receptive to bullshit. The first is response bias. That means some people are more open to whatever they come across. In the first place, they were less skeptical. This is not bullshit. It is similar to gullibility, although gullibility has more to do with social settings.[The second:] The prefrontal cortex activates when something goes wrong, and that allows us to detect when there might be bullshit. With bullshit, [this trigger] can only be pulled at times, and perhaps only for certain types of people, especially those who like to analyze.BR: Are some people more receptive to bullshit than others? GP: People who give deeper ratings for bullshit are less analytical, less intelligent, higher in religious beliefs, and higher in so-called ontological confusion.BR: Ontological confusion?GP: An ontology confusion is when you confuse two ontology [existential] Category. An example: ESP [extra sensory perception] is when you think you can control something with your mind. So you are confusing mental and physical.BR: Some people would offend the idea that religious people are more prone to bullshit. How would you answer that?GP: I’d say, “That’s what the data says.” Cognitively, believing in angels is not much different from believing in ghosts. If people agree with saying that people who believe in the occult are prone to bullshit, they should say the same thing about religious beliefs.BR: Let’s say I’m interested in being a better jerk. What are some guidelines I should follow? Read more: Why is nezuko immune to the sunGP: A good way to do that is to insert lots of buzzwords and ambiguities. If you say something directly, those who agree with you will like it and those who don’t won’t like it. But if you say something ambiguous, people will take what they think it means to it. And then everyone will love it – if you get the perfect score.BR: Anything about your results that surprised you? GP: I was surprised because [real] Chopra’s tweets – I chose those that I thought were particularly ambiguous – the correlation between the deep ratings for those tweets and [fake] we get from the site is .88. [A perfect correlation is 1. Study participants couldn’t tell the difference between fake Chopra tweets and real ones.]I’m not too skeptical to think that will happen.BR: From the beginning, did you have anything against Deepak Chopra? GP: I think he’s a victim. … I am not sitting here brooding about Chopra.BR: Is there a false conclusion that people might confuse with your study? GP: One is that everything Chopra says is bullshit. Or because if there is some factor that correlates with bullshit [like religion], everything those people believe is bullshit. It’s still preliminary [research]. The data is pretty clear, but there’s still a lot we don’t know about the bullshit.BR: Like what? GP: We can detect when there’s bullshit [like when a buddy is telling a bullshit story at the bar], but we don’t know how that will actually happen. We don’t know what features of a sentence would make you discover it. Read more: Importance of Software Engineering | Top Q&A
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