Buzz, Buzz, Slap! Why Flies Can Be So Annoying
Maggie Hardy, University of Queensland, you know. Picnic in the park, bush walks or barbecues with friends and family – all perfect summer activities can be ruined by pesky flies that never leave you alone. Flies are one of the most diverse orders of insects, with more than 150,000 species described worldwide in more than 150 different insect families. In Australia, entomologists (scientists who study insects) estimate there are more than 30,000 species of flies, and yet only 7,700 have been described.Bottom line: It’s one way to kill a firefly. CSIRO, CC BYT There are two main types of flies: Nematocera (including mosquitoes and non-biting crane flies) and Brachycera (including house flies, fruit flies, and horse flies). In Australia, only one type of fly is attracted to us, but not our blood: the bush fly (Musca vetustissima, Diptera: Muscidae), a non-biting fly and close relative of the house fly (Musca) domestica). These flies go after the proteins, carbohydrates, salts and sugars that are naturally present on your skin. All the other flies around you can pursue your blood, including mosquitoes and horse flies. And yes, unfortunately, some people are more attracted to mosquitoes than others. Since the skin near our faces is often in contact, that’s one reason flies are always buzzing around your face and hands.
Mouth has bite marks
In mosquitoes, the proboscis has a needle-like tip; In the deer fly (also known as the horse fly, or the Australian marching fly), it is a large, broad branch.
A feeding female mosquito (Anopheles stephensi, Diptera: Culicidae), a species known to transmit malaria. CDC / James Gathany, CC BY
A species of hairy deer fly (Chrysops caecutiens, Diptera: Tabanidae). Magne Flaten / Wikipedia Read more: Why did Voldemort want to kill Harry Potter? | Top Q&AT This reflects the different feeding styles found in flies: mosquitoes use a hypodermic needle approach and are very selective about where they bite, research has shown they do. Capillaries can be found underneath the skin. In rare cases, proteins transmitted during a mosquito bite can cause anaphylaxis. outside. These bites are my least favorite insect. The midges, also known as sand flies in Australia, are blood-sucking flies (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), and are known to be vectors of human pathogens and major veterinary pathogens for livestock. Their bites are also very itchy. Although annoying, they do not bite people.
Together for the trip
The biggest problem with fly bites is not the painful or uncomfortable wound, but the pathogens that insects can transmit through their bites. For a vector-borne disease to spread, three things are needed:
For some diseases, such as dengue, in Australia we have mosquitoes but generally no viruses. Dengue outbreaks break out when someone brings the dengue virus into the country, and then mosquitoes that are already there can transmit the disease.
Number of notifications (left) and notification rate (right) of dengue virus infection, received from State and Territory health authorities between 2005 and 2014, and notifications annually for 2015. Data from the National Notified Disease Surveillance System When you look at the number of reports of dengue virus infections, you can see that Queensland has the highest number of cases, but when you calculate by population size, how does that change? When you consider the number of notifications per 100,000 people, tropical areas of Australia (Northern Territory, Western Australia and Queensland) are by far the most at risk. That’s because those areas are where you’re most likely to contract diseases, disease-carrying insects, and people.
Human vs fly
How can you reduce the risk of being bitten? DEET or picaridin containing topical insect repellents work best to prevent mosquito bites. Bracelets have been shown not to repel mosquitoes, and plants rarely provide the same level of protection. Read more: nicknotas | Q&A: This may not be a problem, but for insects that can carry diseases to humans, your best bet is to remove all standing water around your home (to prevent eggs from developing). grow there) and stay indoors when you can at dusk. (to avoid being bitten when mosquitoes are most active). Most blood-eating flies, like mosquitoes, take opportunistic blood meals to complete their life cycle. Blood meal is needed for the female to lay eggs. In some species of mosquitoes, females are not selective and will obtain their blood from certain vertebrate species. Adult males and sometimes females only feed on nectar or pollen. In herbivores such as horse flies, nectar feeding occurs frequently in both males and females. When flies land on a variety of plants to feed on nectar, they spread pollen between the flowers and help fertilize the next generation of plants. As pollinators, flies perform a valuable community ecological role for our native plants, while also helping farmers. So the next time flies overwhelm your picnic, bushwalk, or barbecue, consider that they may have helped put some of that food on your table.
Maggie will be available for Author Q&A from 1 to 2 p.m. AEST on Wednesday, January 6, 2015. Post your questions in the comments section below. Maggie Hardy, Postdoctoral Researcher, University of QueenslandThis article was originally published on The Conversation. Read the original article.Read more: why the nissan skyline is illegal | Q&A top Read more: why the nissan skyline is illegal | Top Q&A
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