what is the structure of a krypton 85 atom

Video What is the structure of an atom of krypton 85Krypton-85 is a radioactive isotope of Krypton. It is mainly used in high intensity discharge lamps as well as in HMI film lamps.

Identification of Krypton-85

The CAS registration number for this radioactive isotope is 13983-27-2. Read: what is the structure of the atom of krypton 85

Krypton-85 . Nucleus

There are 49 neutrons and 36 protons in the isotope Krypton-85.

Krypton-85 Symbol

The symbol Krypton-85 is written as 85Kr.

Krypton-85 Production

Krypton-85 is a radioactive gas found in small amounts in the atmosphere. It is produced naturally when the stable Krypton-84 reacts with incoming cosmic rays. Nearly 1 cm3 of Krypton-84 is present in every cubic meter of atmosphere. The Krypton-85 atmosphere is mainly created by volcanoes, earthquakes, nuclear power plants, and nuclear explosions. Picture 1 – Krypton 85 Since the mid-1940s, much larger quantities of Krypton-85 found in nature have been produced as a by-product of nuclear fission. When Uranium-235 or some other fission nucleus undergoes fission, it splits into two parts or pieces with 2 or 3 neutrons and a mass number of 90 to 140. The fission efficiency of Krypton-85 is approx. 0.3%; ie, about 3 atoms of Krypton-85 are produced per 1000 fission times. Most of the mass of Krypton-85 is converted directly to Rubidium-85 and does not undergo a permanent nuclear isomer state.

Krypton-85 Attributes

The various physical and chemical properties of Krypton-85 are shown below:

Appearance

It is a colorless noble gas.

Odor

This gas does not have any characteristic odor.

Atomic number

The atomic number of Krypton-85 is 36.

A Mount of

The block number of Krypton-85 is 85.

Isotope mass

The isotope mass of Krypton-85 is 84.9125273 (21) u.

Excess mass

In nuclear science, the residual mass of a substance is the difference between the actual mass and the mass number of the substance in atomic mass units. The excess of Krypton-85 is -81.480267 MeV (megaelectronvolts).

Decomposition mode

Krypton-85 decays through emission of beta particles.

Declining energy

Read more: Square root of 40 | The top Q&AEnergy released by Krypton-85 during decomposition is 0.687 MeV (megaelectronvolts).

Q . value

In nuclear chemistry, the Q value of a particular nuclear reaction represents the total energy released by that particular reaction. The Q-value of Krypton-85 is 687.06 keV (kiloelectronvolts).

Gas density

The gas density of Krypton-85 at 21.1°C is 0.2172 lb/ft3 (3.479 kg/m3).

Boiling point

The boiling point of Krypton-85 is -153.4°C.

Freezing point

The freezing point of Krypton-85 is -157°C.

Critical pressure

The critical pressure of Krypton-85 is 798.0 psia (5502 kPa abs).

Nuclidean’s Daughter

Rubidium-85 is produced as a subnuclid when Kr-85 undergoes decomposition.

Magnetic dipole moment

The magnetic dipole moment of Krypton-85 is 1 μN.

Spin Parity

The spin parity of Krypton-85 is expressed as Jπ = 9/2 + (atomic fermion).

Binding Energy

The binding energy per nucleon of Krypton-85 is 8.698562 MeV.

Specific activities

The SA-specific activity of Krypton-85 was 14,526 TBq/g (terabecquerels per gram).

Specific weight

The specific volume of Krypton-85 at 21.1°C is 4,604 ft3/lb (0.287 m3/kg).

Specific weight

The specific gravity of Krypton-85 at 21.1°C is 2,899.

Electric quadrupole moment

The quadrupole electric moment of Krypton-85 is 0.433 eb (electron barns).

Whole life

The total lifespan of Krypton-85 is 15,482 years.

Krypton-85 . half-life

In radioactivity, the half-life is the time it takes for a specific amount of radioactive material to decay to be halved. The half-life of Krypton-85 is 10,756 years.

Krypton-85 Radioactive decay

Read more: Krypton-85’s unstable nuclear menu undergoes decay to form the stable compound Rubidium-85. The most common form of decay that Krypton-85 has undergone is the emission of beta particles with a maximum energy release of 687 keV and an average release of 251 keV. This happens with almost 99.57% frequency. The second most common form of decay occurring with a frequency of almost 0.43% is also related to beta particle emission; the maximum energy released in this case is 173 keV. The third most common method of decomposition is through gamma ray emission. The energy released during gamma ray emission is about 514 keV.

Krypton-85 Usage

Various common uses of Krypton-85 are listed below:

• Krypton-85 is commonly used for lighting purposes. The gas used in arc discharge lamps for HMI film lamps is commonly used in the entertainment industry. Krypton-85 is also used in the manufacture of high-intensity discharge lamps required for outdoor lighting. The lamp discharge tubes are filled with Krypton-85 which acts as a flammable fuel.
• Trace amounts of Krypton-85 are used in the spark-gap assemblies of the spark igniter used in some older turbofan or turbofan engines for the most uniform operation and degree of ionization. shop.
• Krypton-85 is used in the electronic tubes of cold cathode voltage regulators. A known example is type 5651.
• Krypton-85 is also used while inspecting aircraft components for minor defects. The gas is passed through possible small cracks in the aircraft’s components, which are then detected by automated imaging. This procedure is called “kryptonium penetrative imaging”. In this way cracks and damage on the aircraft will be detected. Krypton-85 gas is capable of passing through holes and smaller holes unlike liquids used in fluorescent penetrant testing and dye penetrant testing.
• Krypton-85 gas is used to detect cracks and leaks in pipelines and semiconductors.

Krypton 85 in the atmosphere

Between 1945 and 1962, nearly 5 centuries (190 PBq) of Krypton-85 were released into the atmosphere as a result of several nuclear weapons tests carried out during this time. Nuclear accidents over the years also played an important role behind the presence of Krypton-85 in the atmosphere. The Three Mile Island nuclear power plant accident in 1979 released about 50 kilograms (1,900 TBq) of Krypton-85. The 1986 Chernobyl accident released nearly 5 megacs (190 PBq) of Kr-85. The concentration of Krypton-85 in the atmosphere increased around 1970, reaching about 10 pCi/m3 (about 0.4 Bq/m3). Since that time, the atmospheric presence of Krypton-85 has decreased sharply, mainly due to a combination of factors such as reduced production of Plutonium, termination or cessation of nuclear weapons tests. and short half-lives of radioactive isotopes. nuclear power plant can produce nearly 300 kiloc Century (11,000 TBq) Krypton-85 in a year; all or at least most of it is stored in spent nuclear fuel rods. Nuclear recycling causes spent fuel to dissolve, releasing Krypton-85 into the atmosphere. This substance can also be stored as nuclear waste.

Krypton-85 Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)

Health hazards

Krypton-85 is a radioactive isotope and although there may be small traces of this gas present in the atmosphere, direct exposure to significant amounts of this gas can pose a health hazard. This substance emits beta and gamma particles that can cause tissue damage when in direct contact with the physical body. The main way that radiation poisoning can occur is by inhaling this gas. This gas is a documented asphyxiant and inhalation of Krypton-85 can lead to severe breathing problems, nervous breakdowns, loss of consciousness, and exacerbation of existing heart problems. , lungs or circulatory system, decreased ability to move or perform various routine tasks, impaired coordination, convulsions or even death. Skin contact with this substance can cause frostbite. . Notable symptoms of frostbite include a change in skin color to yellow-gray or white. Serious mechanical damage can result from chronic exposure to this gas. According to some sources, this substance is also considered a potential carcinogen and exposure to it should be kept to a minimum under all circumstances.

First aid measures

Eye contact: If the eyes come into contact with this substance, the eyes should be covered with a bandage and need immediate medical attention to ensure safety.Swallow: It is very unlikely that a person could be exposed to Krypton-85 through the gastrointestinal tract.Breathe in: Victims should be transported immediately to an area with fresh air. If the casualty shows signs of hypoxia, oxygenation or cardiopulmonary resuscitation should be performed by trained personnel.Skin contact: Areas infected with frostbite should be rinsed with warm water. However, it is important that the water is warm and not hot. In the absence of warm water, it is advisable to gently wrap the affected areas with a bandage or blanket. Dermatologists will be consulted to ensure safety for the skin.

Fire-fighting measures

Krypton-85 is an inert, non-flammable gas. However, gas containers can explode when exposed to heat. While dealing with fires involving Krypton-85, firefighters should wear adequate personal protective equipment.

Measures to reduce accidents

If there is a leak, the person in charge should immediately close the gas source to avoid further damage. The room must be evacuated and no one is allowed in unless it is deemed safe. To check that the leaking material has dissolved, a Geiger-Mueller Detector should be used. An oxygen monitor should be used to check the oxygen level in the room.

The control

Since this is a radioactive substance, workers or personnel involved in handling this chemical must receive mandatory training to handle radioactive material. Chemical cylinders should be inspected regularly for leaks and corrosion.

Warehouse

Chemical bottles must be stored upright. They must be securely fixed so that they do not fall or break at any point. The storage area for the flasks must be dry and well ventilated. The temperature should be kept below 52°C.Krypton-85 is a valuable radioactive isotope with many industrial and commercial uses.Presenter:Read more: History and early origins of camphor glass

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