Difference Between Hard Iron and Soft Iron
Key Difference – Hard Iron and Soft Iron
Contents
A ferromagnetic material is a substance that can be magnetic in the absence of an external magnetic field. There are two groups of magnetic materials as soft magnetic materials and hard magnetic materials. Iron is a good example of a ferromagnetic material. Iron can also be found in two types as hard iron and soft iron. This classification is made based on the magnetic properties of iron. The main difference between hard iron and soft iron is hard iron cannot be demagnetized once it is magnetized while soft iron can be demagnetized once it is magnetized.
Main areas covered
first. What is hard iron? – Definition, Word Properties 2. What is soft iron? – Definition, Word properties 3. What is the difference between hard iron and soft iron – Compare key differences Read: what is soft iron Key terms: Demagnetization, Ferromagnetic Materials, Hard Iron, Iron, Magnetic Domain, Magnetization, Soft Iron
What is hard iron?
Hard iron can be made a permanent magnet by magnetization, but this magnetism cannot be easily removed once it is magnetized. In other words, demagnetization is difficult or impossible once hard iron is magnetized. The magnetic property of iron comes from the movement of electrons in the atom. Each and every electron has spin. Spin is an intrinsic form of angular momentum carried by an electron. Atoms are made up of orbitals that contain electrons. An orbital can hold up to two electrons. These two electrons have opposite spins, in iron the neighboring atoms have their spins aligned with each other. This leads to what we call a “domain”. A domain or magnetic domain is a region within a magnetic material that magnetizes in a uniform direction. This uniform orientation is due to the arrangement of the atoms. This causes the domains to align with the direction of the magnetic field. This also expands the area of domains. This is what we call magnetizing a piece of iron Read more: What is the area of a pentagon In hard iron, the shifting of these magnetic domains is irreversible. In other words, the magnetic domains of hard iron do not return to their original point when the magnetic field is removed. Therefore, hard iron is often used as a permanent magnet.
What is soft iron?
Soft iron is iron that is easily magnetized and demagnetized with small changes in the magnetic field. Soft iron does not refer to the soft nature of the metal; in fact, soft iron is also a ferrous, hard iron, but unlike hard iron, the magnetic domains that shift in the direction of the magnetic field can switch back to their original state. In other words, it is reversible. But the returned magnetic domains will sort in a random way. Soft iron is used in the manufacture of electromagnets. Thus, the field can be toggled on and off. Electromagnets can be made by winding a conductor around a piece of soft iron and connecting the ends of the wire to a battery. When current flows through the conductor, the system acts like a magnet. The region of the soft iron is then aligned with the direction of the applied field and the strength of the magnetic field is increased by several magnifications.
Difference between hard iron and soft iron
Definition
Hard Iron: Hard iron is iron that is difficult to demagnetize once magnetized.Softly: Soft iron is iron that is easily magnetized and demagnetized with small changes in the magnetic field.
Material
Hard Iron: Hard iron is a hard magnetic material.Softly: Soft iron is a soft magnetic material.
Magnetization
Read more: Which zodiac sign is January 24thHard Iron: Hard magnetized iron cannot be demagnetized easily.Softly: Magnetic soft irons can be demagnetized.
Applications
Hard Iron: Hard iron is used as a permanent magnet.Softly: Soft iron is used as an electromagnet.
Inference
Iron can be found in two groups as hard iron and soft iron: classified based on magnetic properties. The key difference between hard iron and soft iron is that hard iron cannot be demagnetized once it is magnetized whereas soft iron can be demagnetized after it is magnetized. Magnetic materials. BU Physics, Available here. 2. “TERMINAL MATERIALS (HARD AND SOFT).” Whatwhenhow RSS, Available here. Image Courtesy: 1. “Zureks horseshoe magnet” by Zureks – Own work, CC0) via Commons Wikimedia 2. “Electromagnet” by Anynobody – Uploader’s own work This file was created with Machine blender (CC BY-SA 3.0) via Commons Wikimedia
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